What is Barrett's Esophagus?
Barrett's Esophagus is a condition where the tissue lining the esophagus undergoes a transformation, typically as a response to prolonged acid exposure from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This change, known as intestinal metaplasia, replaces the normal esophageal lining with tissue similar to the intestinal lining.
What Causes Barrett's Esophagus?
The primary culprit behind Barrett's Esophagus is chronic GERD. The persistent backflow of stomach acid irritates and damages the esophageal lining, leading to cellular changes. Factors that increase GERD risk, such as obesity, smoking, and hiatal hernia, also contribute to the development of Barrett's Esophagus.
What are the Symptoms of Barrett's Esophagus?
Often, Barrett's Esophagus itself doesn't cause symptoms. Instead, individuals experience GERD symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux, and difficulty swallowing. However, because Barrett's Esophagus can lead to esophageal cancer, monitoring for any changes or worsening of symptoms is crucial.
How is Barrett's Esophagus Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves an endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to examine the esophagus. If Barrett's Esophagus is suspected, biopsies are taken to confirm the presence of intestinal metaplasia.
How is Barrett's Esophagus Treated?
Treatment focuses on managing GERD and monitoring for precancerous changes. Medications like proton pump inhibitors reduce stomach acid, alleviating GERD symptoms and potentially slowing the progression of Barrett's Esophagus. Regular surveillance endoscopies are essential to detect early signs of cancer. In severe cases, endoscopic procedures or surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue.
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