What is Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease characterized by inflammation and damage due to fat buildup in the liver. Unlike alcoholic liver disease, NASH occurs in individuals who consume little or no alcohol. It is part of a spectrum of liver conditions known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and it can progress to more severe liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.
What Causes Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?
The exact cause of NASH is not fully understood, but it is often associated with metabolic syndrome, which includes conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Genetic factors, diet, and a sedentary lifestyle also play significant roles. Certain medications, rapid weight loss, and infections can contribute to the development of NASH.
What are the Symptoms of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?
NASH often presents with few or no symptoms in its early stages, making it challenging to diagnose without medical testing. When symptoms do occur, they may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen. As the disease progresses, symptoms of advanced liver damage, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swelling in the abdomen and legs, and confusion, may appear.
How is Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing NASH typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and various tests. Blood tests can reveal liver enzyme levels indicating liver damage. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, can detect fat accumulation in the liver. A definitive diagnosis often requires a liver biopsy, where a small tissue sample is examined for signs of inflammation, fat buildup, and fibrosis.
How is Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Treated?
Treatment for NASH focuses on managing the underlying risk factors and preventing progression to more severe liver disease. Lifestyle changes are crucial, including weight loss through a healthy diet and regular exercise. Managing diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure with medications can also help. There are no specific medications approved for NASH, but ongoing research is exploring potential treatments. In advanced cases, liver transplantation may be necessary. Regular monitoring by healthcare providers is essential to manage the condition effectively and reduce the risk of complications.
